[.ca] You Can't Say That!: The Growing Threat to Civil ... (ISBN 1930865538)

Beware the Ever Increasing Power of the Speech Police!!:
Early in life my parents taught me the childhood ditty "Sticks and stones will break my bones, but names will never hurt me" in order to inculcate into me the realization that my belief in myself was more important than what anyone else thought about me. After all, America was a "free country", and an essential element of that freedom was encompassed by the freedom of speech protected by the First Amendment to our Constitution, the document which together with the Declaration of Independence outlined the political philosophy of the founders of our country. However, as David Bernstein shows in this marvelous new book, increasingly over the past few decades intolerant activist zealots have managed to "impose their moralistic views on all Americans". And one fascinating aspect of this trend which he discusses is the "psychological endowment effect", that by promoting monetary remedies and subsidizing feelings of outrage over alleged injustices, we have reinforced the probability that the trend will continue. The primary focus of this book by Professor (at George Mason University School of Law) Bernstein is the tendency of the judiciary to abandon our Constitutional protection against government's ability to regulate speech when such speech (and very worrisomely even acts such as laughter or simply staring) conflicts with antidiscrimination laws and the regulations of the agencies charged with their enforcement. The book is very well organized; it begins with a general background discussion of the problem including important contextual history and proceeds to discuss several related aspects of the problem including the threat to artistic freedom, workplace regulation, speech codes on public university campuses, the regulation of religious schools and the threat to the autonomy of private organizations. Some of the most enlightening material outlines the increasing tendency of the judiciary to defer to the bureaucratically promulgated regulations of such government agencies as HUD, the EEOC and the DOE, which often seem to view their own intentions as above criticism and attempt to censor and even legally punish individuals who express disagreement with their goals. This is a book that should be widely read and debated, since the topic influences all individuals in a myriad of ways. I hope that the academic approach to the subject does limit the audience for the book to readers with a legal background; despite copious footnotes the book is very readable and many of the references and cases discussed are fascinating. Despite my long standing layman's interest in the area of Constitutional law and my exposure as a member of the Cato Institute Board of Directors to previous publications discussing various aspects of this topic, this is by far the most comprehensive and systematic treatment that I have seen. The final chapter includes a fascinating discussion of the gradual transformation of the ACLU from an organization that was a stalwart defender of civil liberties to one increasingly captured by the adherents to a "liberal" code of political correctness. The conclusion then examines the trend in other countries to adopt even more draconian impositions of statist authoritarian regulations, e.g. an Australian ban on dating services that tried to match partners with a religious preference (perhaps antidiscrimination marriage regulations will follow) and a Canadian criminal conviction of a high school teacher purely on the basis of "hate speech". As a Canadian professor of constitutional law has opined, "Canada now is a totalitarian theocracy... ruled today by...a secular state religion \oof political correctness\c. Anything that is regarded as heresy or blasphemy is not tolerated." Such a result is consistent with the goals of such free speech opponents in this country as well known Professor Stanley Fish, who attempts to deconstruct our legal traditions in the same way that he has deconstructed literature and who claims that all decisions regarding allowable speech are political and based on an exercise of power. Therefore, according to Fish, the targets of offensive speech and acts have every right to be legally protected from the indignity (read psychological harm) which they might suffer as a result of such acts. Contrast this view and the current climate regarding the imposition of limitations on permissible speech with the 1943 Supreme Court decision which eloquently concluded "If there is any fixed star in our constitutional constellation, it is that no official, high or petty, can prescribe what shall be orthodox in politics, nationalism, religion, or other matters of opinion or force citizens to confess by word or act their faith therein. If there are any circumstances which permit an exception, they do not now occur to us." In summary, this book is about the conflict between an increasingly expansive view of civil rights versus the traditional primacy of civil liberties, and about the imposition of "civility" through political power and judicial reinterpretation of the Constitution rather than by argument and debate within civil society. As one reviewer cogently observed, this book might be deemed incomplete in that it does not include a discussion of the philosophical grounding of our First Amendment rights in the Founders' belief that these rights derived from the natural law view that we each possess a "property right" in ourselves and our actions. However, such an examination might easily have in fact become a distraction to the excellent focus which the book provides on the author's stated goal of examining and documenting the erosion of our civil liberties and the resultant implications for our personal freedom and privacy rights, thus I have chosen not to reduce my rating despite this omission. Disclaimer: as stated above, I am a member of the Board of Directors of The Cato Institute, which published this book. While I do not feel that my objectivity was compromised in composing this review, I felt it incumbent upon me to disclose this fact to provide you, the reader, with the necessary information to decide if you believe that I have a significant conflict of interest which might have influenced my rating. Tucker Andersen

Be Careful What You Wish For...:
David Bernstein has done something that most lawyers have a difficult time doing - he wrote a short, accessible book for a general audience. Since I have seen law review articles that are nearly half as long as this book, that is no small feat. To me, the most important part of the book is Bernstein's consistent emphasis on how those arguing for laws that erode civil liberties might be shooting themselves in the foot. Any law that can be used to silence the speech of those whom you do not like can also be used to silence your speech. Whether this argument will prove compelling to those in favor of speech restrictions is a matter I will leave up to the reader. I will note, however, that in general, those in favor of using government to achieve their personal goals tend to believe that the political winds will always blow in their favor.

An Amazing Journey into Antidiscrimination Madness:
Antidiscrimination laws were once seen primarily as a means to help blacks, women, and others enter the economic mainstream. Those days have long since past. Bernstein shows that the laws are now seen primarily as enforcing a stringent moral code, one that is supposed to outweigh any competing claims, including claims of liberty backed up by the First Amendment and other constitutional rights. The Left has been the primary offender in this regard, but the Right, especially the religious right, is also willing to use antidiscrimination law to stifle speech they don't like. Especially pernicious are laws banning the creation of a "hostile environment", which are interpreted by some courts to ban any speech that any individual worker claims to find offensive. This book is an important warning, but it's also a good read. The first chapter, setting out a theoretical framework for why civil liberties should be protected against civil rights laws, is a little tough going, but after that it's a joy to read. Highly recommended.

America Is Becoming A Civil Rights Dictatorship:
"Whatever happened to civil liberties?" one might ask after reading this book. Since liberty is probably a more valuable value than enforced fake equality, it is a good question to ask. Whether one is politically left or right, there is something disturbing to consider in You Can't Say That. But I think we will always have problems handling liberty for all, because we often want total freedom for ourselves, but often unwilling to give the same type freedom to others with clashing values due to moral judgements. In a word, we wish to control others, but have total freedom for ourselves. Another conclusion one may come to after reading the book is the question of whether liberty can survive in diverse enrironment where everyone has clashing loyalties and viewpoints. One example is given of an American who put up a picture in his work space disapproving of Iran hostage situation of 1979, which offended an Iranian working at the same company. Control from rightists usually involves cracking down on artistic freedom especially if it has sexual content. One extreme example is given in a book in which a woman sued a city government for having a nude statue of a woman in the public square. (Although this woman could have been a feminist and therefore not necessarily on the right.) Control from leftists usually involves disapproving of any type of discrimination, such as a religious person not wanting to rent their place out to unmarried couples or people who are straight and don't want to have a gay room mate. Lawsuits are filed which encroach upon freedom of association. As far as civil rights lawsuits go, it is easy to second guess the official motivations for the lawsuits. Is the aggrieved party really being harmed or are they just smelling the money that a successful lawsuit can bring? Although tort reform is not discussed much, the author Bernstein does approximately say that we are subsidizing hurt feelings by rewarding money to the overly sensitive, which increases sensitivity and more frivolous lawsuits. --And let's face it, it's easier to win lawsuits than win the lottery. Another reason for such lawsuits is that it is used to punish people whose viewpoints the one filing the lawsuit disapproves of. It has become a weapon in the culture war. The workplace has become a rather stifling place to express oneself due to all the laws that pertain to creating a hostile environment. Nearly any non-bland statement or action could fall under hostile environment law. Again, one second guesses the real purpose of the law: Is it really about civil rights or does it just give government more work to do snooping into private sector where it does not really belong. One of the worst organizations for encroaching on civil liberties is the government housing department HUD. Any protest against their activities can bring a lawsuit and they even control how a house can be advertised... A lot of companies enforce oppressive civil rights laws not because they actually approve of them but because they want to avoid a bankrupting lawsuit. Bernstein covers the American Civil Liberties Union and how it should really should start calling itself the American Civil RIGHTS Union since it is increasingly favoring civil rights over civil liberties. Another interesting point is that those who try to restrict others' freedom of speech through hate speech regulation may one day find that same regulation will be used against their own free expressions. What goes around comes around...

A Challenge for Civil Libertarians:
Civil libertarians have traditionally been extremely concerned about the encroachment of government on freedom of speech, freedom of religion, personal privacy, and other personal liberties. However, as David Bernstein shows in this remarkable book, antidiscrimination laws have gradually encroached on the liberties protected by the Constitution, but have mostly received a pass from civil libertarians. The ACLU and like-minded folks have looked more at the laws' good intentions than at their dangerous results; courts consistently have held that the government's "compelling interest" in eradicating discrimination bests even the First Amendment! When we've reached a point that a federal judge can order a Christian school to hire a pregnant, unmarried teacher, or a state bureaucrat can fine a woman for declining to have a lesbian roommate, or a religious woman can win a lawsuit because she objects to the fact that the store she works in sells Playboy, antidiscrimination laws have gone way too far. There's been a lot of talk about the dangers of political correctness from the right, but this book should serve as a wakeup call for civil libertarians of all parties.