Ear infections (otitis media) in children
INTRODUCTION - Ear infection is the most frequent diagnosis for all children who visit the doctor's office; 60 to 80 percent of infants have at least one episode by their first birthday, and 80 to 90 percent of all children have an ear infection ... [... more]
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Croup in infants and children
INTRODUCTION - The term croup is used to describe a variety of respiratory illnesses in children. It mostly occurs in infants and young children between 6 months and 3 years of age, and is rarely seen in children older than 6 years. It is most ... [... more]
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Jaundice in newborn infants
DEFINITION - Jaundice is a yellow discoloration of the skin and/or whites of the eyes (sclerae) that is often seen in newborn infants. The discoloration is caused by a yellow substance called bilirubin. Infants with high blood levels of bilirubin ... [... more]
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Head injury in children
INTRODUCTION - Head injuries occur commonly in childhood. Most head injuries are mild and not associated with brain injury or long-term complications. Very rarely, children with more significant injuries may develop serious complications (eg, ... [... more]
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Febrile seizures
INTRODUCTION - Febrile seizures are convulsions that occur when a child, who is between six months and six years of age, has a temperature greater than 100.4º F (38º C). The majority of febrile seizures occur in children between 12 and 18 [... more]
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Seizures in children
INTRODUCTION - The brain contains billions of neurons (nerve cells) that create and receive electrical impulses. Electrical impulses allow communication between neurons. When there is abnormal and excessive electrical activity in the brain, a ... [... more]
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Treatment of seizures in children
INTRODUCTION - This topic review discusses common medications and treatments used to treat children with seizures. A topic review about the various types of seizures and the methods used to diagnose seizures is available separately. (See "Patient ... [... more]
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Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents
INTRODUCTION - Chronic and recurrent abdominal pain are common in children and adolescents. Chronic abdominal pain is defined as pain that has been present for at least three months. Recurrent abdominal pain is defined as three or more episodes ... [... more]
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children
INTRODUCTION - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a medical condition with symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It is often first recognized in early childhood. The symptoms affect a child's cognitive, ... [... more]
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Autism spectrum disorders
INTRODUCTION - Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of developmental disorders that cause lifelong difficulties with socializing, communicating, and behavior. The term "spectrum" refers to the fact that some people have a few mild ... [... more]
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Bedwetting in children
INTRODUCTION - Bedwetting (also called nighttime or nocturnal enuresis) is a common childhood problem. A child learns to control daytime urination as they become aware of their bladder filling. Once this occurs, the child then learns to ... [... more]
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Breast pumps
INTRODUCTION - A breast pump is a device that allows a woman to express breast milk from the breasts when it is not possible to breastfeed her infant directly. Many women choose to use a breast pump so that they can continue to provide breast ... [... more]
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