Ear infections (otitis media) in children
INTRODUCTION - Ear infection is the most frequent diagnosis for all children who visit the doctor's office; 60 to 80 percent of infants have at least one episode by their first birthday, and 80 to 90 percent of all children have an ear infection ... [... more]
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Croup in infants and children
INTRODUCTION - The term croup is used to describe a variety of respiratory illnesses in children. It mostly occurs in infants and young children between 6 months and 3 years of age, and is rarely seen in children older than 6 years. It is most ... [... more]
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Overview of muscular dystrophies
INTRODUCTION - Muscular dystrophy is an inherited disorder that causes progressive muscle weakness (myopathy) and atrophy (loss of muscle mass) due to defects in one or more genes required for normal muscle function. Some of the genes responsible ... [... more]
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Jaundice in newborn infants
DEFINITION - Jaundice is a yellow discoloration of the skin and/or whites of the eyes (sclerae) that is often seen in newborn infants. The discoloration is caused by a yellow substance called bilirubin. Infants with high blood levels of bilirubin ... [... more]
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Asthma symptoms and diagnosis in children
INTRODUCTION - Asthma a chronic condition with symptoms of cough, wheezing, and/or difficulty breathing. These symptoms occur periodically, usually related to specific triggering events. Children with asthma have narrowed airways during these ... [... more]
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Asthma treatment in children
INTRODUCTION - The optimal treatment of asthma depends upon a number of factors, including age and the severity and frequency of asthma attacks. For most children, appropriate treatments can control symptoms, allowing the child to participate ... [... more]
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Metered dose inhaler techniques in children
INTRODUCTION - Inhaled medications are an important treatment for asthma, although they are only effective if they are used properly. Correct inhaler use delivers the medication effectively to the lungs and leads to a better response. If the ... [... more]
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Head injury in children
INTRODUCTION - Head injuries occur commonly in childhood. Most head injuries are mild and not associated with brain injury or long-term complications. Very rarely, children with more significant injuries may develop serious complications (eg, ... [... more]
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Febrile seizures
INTRODUCTION - Febrile seizures are convulsions that occur when a child, who is between six months and six years of age, has a temperature greater than 100.4º F (38º C). The majority of febrile seizures occur in children between 12 and 18 [... more]
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Seizures in children
INTRODUCTION - The brain contains billions of neurons (nerve cells) that create and receive electrical impulses. Electrical impulses allow communication between neurons. When there is abnormal and excessive electrical activity in the brain, a ... [... more]
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Treatment of seizures in children
INTRODUCTION - This topic review discusses common medications and treatments used to treat children with seizures. A topic review about the various types of seizures and the methods used to diagnose seizures is available separately. (See "Patient ... [... more]
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Chronic abdominal pain in children and adolescents
INTRODUCTION - Chronic and recurrent abdominal pain are common in children and adolescents. Chronic abdominal pain is defined as pain that has been present for at least three months. Recurrent abdominal pain is defined as three or more episodes ... [... more]
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