Insomnia treatments
In many cases, insomnia is associated with an underlying problem, such as stress, pain, or a medical condition. In these cases, treatment of the underlying problem may help to improve sleep. In other cases, the cause of insomnia is not clear or ... [... more]
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Depression treatment options for adults
Fortunately, early and successful treatment of depression shortens the duration of illness, reduces the likelihood of persistent symptoms, and reduces the likelihood of a relapse. The treatment of depression may include psychotherapy ... [... more]
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Alopecia areata
INTRODUCTION - Alopecia areata is a skin condition that causes the sudden loss of patches of hair on the scalp and sometimes other parts of the body. It is nonscarring, which means that there is no permanent damage to the hair follicle. In most ... [... more]
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Adult immunizations
INTRODUCTION - Pediatric immunization programs in the United States have been quite successful against a range of contagious diseases, including measles, rubella, tetanus, diphtheria, and poliomyelitis; fewer than 500 children die in the US each ... [... more]
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Headache treatment in adults
INTRODUCTION - In many people, headaches can be well controlled with a combination of medication and complementary therapies. Treatment is most successful when it is tailored to the person's individual needs and the person actively participates ... [... more]
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Psoriasis
INTRODUCTION - Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder that causes areas of thickened, inflamed, red skin, often covered with silvery scales. Children and adolescents can develop psoriasis, but it occurs primarily in adults. Women and men are ... [... more]
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Sleep apnea in adults
HOW SLEEP APNEA OCCURS - The throat is surrounded by muscles that control the airway for speaking, swallowing, and breathing. During sleep, these muscles are less active, and this causes the throat to narrow (show figure 1). In most people, this ... [... more]
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Pubic lice (Phthirus pubis)
This topic reviews the diagnosis and treatment of public lice. Head lice are discussed separately. (See "Patient information: Head lice (Pediculosis capitis)"). DESCRIPTION - The pubic or crab louse is small (2 to 3 millimeters, or 0.08 to 0.12 [... more]
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Cervical cancer screening
INTRODUCTION - The Pap smear is a common test used to screen women for cervical precancer or cancer. However, most abnormal Pap smears are not due to cancer, but rather caused by infection or low estrogen levels. This topic reviews the anatomy of ... [... more]
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Supplemental oxygen on commercial airlines
Preflight patient assessment High altitude and heart disease INTRODUCTION - As air travel has become more common, travel opportunities have increased for people with serious medical conditions. This includes passengers with lung disease who ... [... more]
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Urinary incontinence
INTRODUCTION - Urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine. Although it becomes more common as people get older, incontinence is not normal at any age. Many types of therapy are available for urinary incontinence. A brief review of ... [... more]
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Sunburn
INTRODUCTION - Sunburn results when skin is burned by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, most often after excessive sun exposure. It is common, with nearly 32 percent of adults and between 72 and 83 percent of children and adolescents reporting at least ... [... more]
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