Poverty and Health
People with low incomes, particularly those who live in poverty, face particular challenges in maintaining their health. They are more likely than those with higher incomes to become ill, and to die at younger ages. They are also more likely to ... [... more]
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Shamanic Healing
The rise of shamanism was probably a result of the earliest human societies' efforts to make sense of and better control the world they lived in. Evidence that magic and religious ritual played a part in the life of early Homo sapiens can be seen ... [... more]
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Ultraviolet Radiation
The principal adverse health effects of sunlight are caused by the ultraviolet and visible radiation it contains. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) comprises a spectrum of electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths, subdivided for convenience into ... [... more]
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Injection Drug Use and Hiv Infection
Injection drug use (IDU) contributes to considerable illness burden in both developed and developing countries. Transmission of blood-borne pathogens (e.g., HIV, hepatitis B and C virus, Human T-Cell Lymphotrophic viruses I and II, and malaria) ... [... more]
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Information Technology
Many areas of public health, including vital statistics, investigation and research, surveillance, epidemiology, surveys, laboratories technology, maternal and child health, and environmental health, use information technology (IT) to achieve ... [... more]
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Uninsurance
Because more than 80 percent of persons under age sixty-five who have any health care coverage obtain it through employment, decreases and increases in employment-based health insurance coverage are the primary determinants of the number of ... [... more]
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Sickle cell disease
Sickle cell disease describes a group of inherited blood disorders characterized by chronic anemia, painful events, and various complications due to associated tissue and organ damage. The most common and well-known type of sickle cell disease is ... [... more]
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Frank, Johann Peter
The German physician, Johann Peter Frank (1745-1821) studied at Heidelberg and Strasburg, was a professor at Göttingen and Pavia, and eventually became director of the Allegemeines Krankenhaus and a professor of medicine in Vienna. He also taught ... [... more]
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Asian Americans
In 1999, there were about 10.9 million AAPIs living in the United States and its Pacific Island jurisdictions. Of them, about half (53.1%) lived in the western region and more than 96 percent resided in metropolitan areas. Together, AAPIs ... [... more]
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National Death Index
The National Death Index (NDI) was implemented in 1982 to facilitate retrospective and prospective studies in medical and health research by reducing the time, expense, and effort involved in ascertaining information about deaths, either for an ... [... more]
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Cryptosporidiosis
Cryptosporidium is a genus of protozoan parasites that are infectious to humans and animals. The first reports of human infection with Cryptosporidium were made in 1976; the infection occurs worldwide. Cryptosporidiosis, the enteric disease ... [... more]
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Accreditation of Local and State Health Departments
The United States has nearly 3,000 local public health departments. These range in size from those with only one employee to very large departments with over 20,000 employees. With such a wide range in size there is also a wide range of services ... [... more]
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